Integrate NetTopologySuite and create CoordinateData mapping (#250)

tooling/pipeline/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -144,6 +144,8 @@ FetchContent_MakeAvailable(cpp-httplib)
 # 5. Executable & Sources
 add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME}
         includes/services/enrichment/mock_enrichment.h
+        includes/services/address/address_service.h
+        includes/services/address/mock_address_service.h
         includes/services/curated_data/mock_curated_data_service.h
         includes/json_handling/pretty_print.h)
 
@@ -225,6 +227,11 @@ target_sources(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE
         src/services/enrichment/wikipedia/get_summary.cc
 )
 
+# --- services: address ---
+target_sources(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE
+        src/services/address/nominatim_address_service.cc
+)
+
 # --- services: xeger ---
 target_sources(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE
         src/services/xeger/xeger.cc

tooling/pipeline/includes/biergarten_pipeline.h

@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@
 // --- concurrency ---
 #include "concurrency/bounded_channel.h"
 
+// --- services: address ---
+#include "services/address/address_service.h"
+#include "services/address/mock_address_service.h"
+#include "services/address/nominatim_address_service.h"
+
 // --- data_generation ---
 #include "data_generation/data_generator.h"
 #include "data_generation/generation_json_validation.h"

tooling/pipeline/includes/biergarten_pipeline_orchestrator.h

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 
 #include "data_generation/data_generator.h"
 #include "data_model/generated_models.h"
+#include "services/address/address_service.h"
 #include "services/curated_data/curated_data_service.h"
 #include "services/database/export_service.h"
 #include "services/enrichment/enrichment_service.h"
@@ -34,6 +35,8 @@ class BiergartenPipelineOrchestrator {
     * @param exporter Database backend for persisting generated records.
     * @param curated_data_service Loads curated location, persona, and name
     * data used to seed generation.
+    * @param address_service Resolves a street address for generated
+    * brewery coordinates.
     * @param application_options CLI configuration and paths.
     */
    BiergartenPipelineOrchestrator(
@@ -42,6 +45,7 @@ class BiergartenPipelineOrchestrator {
        std::unique_ptr<DataGenerator> generator,
        std::unique_ptr<IExportService> exporter,
        std::unique_ptr<ICuratedDataService> curated_data_service,
+       std::unique_ptr<IAddressService> address_service,
        const ApplicationOptions& application_options);
 
    /**
@@ -78,6 +82,7 @@ class BiergartenPipelineOrchestrator {
     */
    std::unique_ptr<IExportService> exporter_;
    std::unique_ptr<ICuratedDataService> curated_data_service_;
+   std::unique_ptr<IAddressService> address_service_;
 
    ApplicationOptions application_options_;
 

tooling/pipeline/includes/data_model/generated_models.h

@@ -95,6 +95,18 @@ struct BreweryAddress {
    City city;
    double longitude{};
    double latitude{};
+
+   /**
+    * @brief Street address line (e.g. house number + road), resolved once
+    * via reverse geocoding at generation time.
+    */
+   std::string address_line1{};
+
+   /**
+    * @brief Postal code, resolved once via reverse geocoding at generation
+    * time.
+    */
+   std::string postal_code{};
 };
 
 /**

tooling/pipeline/includes/services/address/address_service.h

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#ifndef BIERGARTEN_PIPELINE_INCLUDES_SERVICES_ADDRESS_ADDRESS_SERVICE_H_
+#define BIERGARTEN_PIPELINE_INCLUDES_SERVICES_ADDRESS_ADDRESS_SERVICE_H_
+
+/**
+ * @file services/address/address_service.h
+ * @brief Abstraction for resolving a street address from coordinates.
+ */
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+
+/**
+ * @brief Street-level address resolved from a coordinate pair.
+ */
+struct AddressLookupResult {
+   std::string address_line1;
+   std::string postal_code;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Interface for services that reverse-geocode coordinates into a
+ * street address.
+ */
+class IAddressService {
+  public:
+   virtual ~IAddressService() = default;
+
+   /**
+    * @brief Reverse-geocodes a coordinate pair into a street address.
+    *
+    * @param longitude Longitude of the point to resolve.
+    * @param latitude Latitude of the point to resolve.
+    * @return The resolved address, or std::nullopt if it could not be
+    * resolved.
+    */
+   virtual std::optional<AddressLookupResult> ReverseGeocode(
+       double longitude, double latitude) = 0;
+};
+
+#endif  // BIERGARTEN_PIPELINE_INCLUDES_SERVICES_ADDRESS_ADDRESS_SERVICE_H_

tooling/pipeline/includes/services/address/mock_address_service.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#ifndef BIERGARTEN_PIPELINE_INCLUDES_SERVICES_ADDRESS_MOCK_ADDRESS_SERVICE_H_
+#define BIERGARTEN_PIPELINE_INCLUDES_SERVICES_ADDRESS_MOCK_ADDRESS_SERVICE_H_
+
+/**
+ * @file services/address/mock_address_service.h
+ * @brief Deterministic IAddressService used when network geocoding is
+ * disabled.
+ */
+
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "services/address/address_service.h"
+
+/**
+ * @brief Address service that returns a fixed placeholder address for any
+ * coordinate pair, without making network calls.
+ */
+class MockAddressService final : public IAddressService {
+  public:
+   std::optional<AddressLookupResult> ReverseGeocode(
+       double /*longitude*/, double /*latitude*/) override {
+      return AddressLookupResult{.address_line1 = "123 Mock Street",
+                                 .postal_code = "00000"};
+   }
+};
+
+#endif  // BIERGARTEN_PIPELINE_INCLUDES_SERVICES_ADDRESS_MOCK_ADDRESS_SERVICE_H_

tooling/pipeline/includes/services/address/nominatim_address_service.h

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#ifndef BIERGARTEN_PIPELINE_INCLUDES_SERVICES_ADDRESS_NOMINATIM_ADDRESS_SERVICE_H_
+#define BIERGARTEN_PIPELINE_INCLUDES_SERVICES_ADDRESS_NOMINATIM_ADDRESS_SERVICE_H_
+
+/**
+ * @file services/address/nominatim_address_service.h
+ * @brief Reverse geocoding backed by the public Nominatim API.
+ */
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "services/address/address_service.h"
+#include "services/logging/logger.h"
+#include "web_client/web_client.h"
+
+/**
+ * @brief Reverse-geocodes coordinates into street addresses via the public
+ * Nominatim API (https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org).
+ *
+ * Required for API usage:
+ * - single identifying User-Agent and at most one request per
+ * second (https://operations.osmfoundation.org/policies/nominatim/).
+ */
+class NominatimAddressService final : public IAddressService {
+  public:
+   explicit NominatimAddressService(std::unique_ptr<WebClient> client,
+                                    std::shared_ptr<ILogger> logger);
+
+   std::optional<AddressLookupResult> ReverseGeocode(
+       double longitude, double latitude) override;
+
+  private:
+   std::unique_ptr<WebClient> client_;
+   std::shared_ptr<ILogger> logger_;
+};
+
+#endif  // BIERGARTEN_PIPELINE_INCLUDES_SERVICES_ADDRESS_NOMINATIM_ADDRESS_SERVICE_H_

tooling/pipeline/includes/services/database/sqlite_statement_helpers.h

@@ -56,6 +56,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS brewery_addresses (
   city_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
   longitude REAL NOT NULL,
   latitude REAL NOT NULL,
+  address_line1 TEXT NOT NULL,
+  postal_code TEXT NOT NULL,
   FOREIGN KEY(brewery_id) REFERENCES breweries(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
   FOREIGN KEY(city_id) REFERENCES cities(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
 );
@@ -131,8 +133,10 @@ INSERT INTO brewery_addresses (
   brewery_id,
   city_id,
   longitude,
-  latitude
-) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?);
+  latitude,
+  address_line1,
+  postal_code
+) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?);
 )sql";
 
 inline constexpr std::string_view kInsertUserSql = R"sql(
@@ -184,6 +188,8 @@ enum BreweryAddressBindIndex {
    kBreweryAddressCityIdBindIndex,
    kBreweryAddressLongitudeBindIndex,
    kBreweryAddressLatitudeBindIndex,
+   kBreweryAddressLine1BindIndex,
+   kBreweryAddressPostalCodeBindIndex,
 };
 
 enum UserBindIndex {

tooling/pipeline/src/biergarten_pipeline_orchestrator/biergarten_pipeline_orchestrator.cc

@@ -13,10 +13,12 @@ BiergartenPipelineOrchestrator::BiergartenPipelineOrchestrator(
     std::unique_ptr<DataGenerator> generator,
     std::unique_ptr<IExportService> exporter,
     std::unique_ptr<ICuratedDataService> curated_data_service,
+    std::unique_ptr<IAddressService> address_service,
     const ApplicationOptions& application_options)
     : logger_(std::move(logger)),
       context_service_(std::move(context_service)),
       generator_(std::move(generator)),
       exporter_(std::move(exporter)),
       curated_data_service_(std::move(curated_data_service)),
+      address_service_(std::move(address_service)),
       application_options_(application_options) {}

tooling/pipeline/src/biergarten_pipeline_orchestrator/generate_breweries.cc

@@ -7,14 +7,21 @@
 #include <format>
 #include <optional>
 #include <random>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
 
 #include "biergarten_pipeline_orchestrator.h"
 #include "biergarten_pipeline_orchestrator/coords.h"
+#include "services/address/address_service.h"
 #include "services/logging/logger.h"
 
 using biergarten_pipeline_orchestrator_internal::Coords;
 using biergarten_pipeline_orchestrator_internal::GetRandomCoordsWithinRange;
 
+namespace {
+constexpr std::string_view kPlaceholderAddressLine1 = "Address unavailable";
+}  // namespace
+
 void BiergartenPipelineOrchestrator::GenerateBreweries(
     std::span<const EnrichedCity> cities) {
    logger_->Log({.level = LogLevel::Info,
@@ -39,10 +46,32 @@ void BiergartenPipelineOrchestrator::GenerateBreweries(
          const Coords brewery_coords = GetRandomCoordsWithinRange(
              city_centre, kMaxDistanceFromCentreKm, rng);
 
+         const std::optional<AddressLookupResult> geocoded =
+             address_service_->ReverseGeocode(brewery_coords.longitude,
+                                              brewery_coords.latitude);
+
+         if (!geocoded.has_value()) {
+            logger_->Log(
+                {.level = LogLevel::Warn,
+                 .phase = PipelinePhase::BreweryAndBeerGeneration,
+                 .message = std::format(
+                     "[Pipeline] Could not reverse geocode brewery in '{}' "
+                     "({}, {}); using a placeholder address.",
+                     enriched_city.location.city, brewery_coords.latitude,
+                     brewery_coords.longitude)});
+         }
+
          return BreweryRecord{
-             .address = BreweryAddress{.city = enriched_city.location,
+             .address =
+                 BreweryAddress{
+                     .city = enriched_city.location,
                      .longitude = brewery_coords.longitude,
-                                       .latitude = brewery_coords.latitude},
+                     .latitude = brewery_coords.latitude,
+                     .address_line1 = geocoded.has_value()
+                                          ? geocoded->address_line1
+                                          : std::string(kPlaceholderAddressLine1),
+                     .postal_code =
+                         geocoded.has_value() ? geocoded->postal_code : ""},
              .brewery = brewery};
       } catch (const std::exception& e) {
          ++skipped_count;

tooling/pipeline/src/main.cc

@@ -166,6 +166,26 @@ int main(const int argc, char** argv) {
                      inj.template create<std::unique_ptr<WebClient>>(),
                      log_producer);
               }),
+          di::bind<IAddressService>().to(
+              [options, &log_producer](
+                  const auto& inj) -> std::unique_ptr<IAddressService> {
+                 if (options.generator.mode == GeneratorMode::kMock) {
+                    log_producer->Log({.level = LogLevel::Info,
+                                       .phase = PipelinePhase::Startup,
+                                       .message = "Address service: mock"});
+
+                    return std::make_unique<MockAddressService>();
+                 }
+
+                 log_producer->Log(
+                     {.level = LogLevel::Info,
+                      .phase = PipelinePhase::Startup,
+                      .message = "Address service: Nominatim"});
+
+                 return std::make_unique<NominatimAddressService>(
+                     inj.template create<std::unique_ptr<WebClient>>(),
+                     log_producer);
+              }),
           di::bind<DataGenerator>().to([&options, &model_path, &sampling,
                                         &prompt_directory,
                                         &log_producer](const auto& inj)

tooling/pipeline/src/services/address/nominatim_address_service.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+/**
+ * @file services/address/nominatim_address_service.cc
+ * @brief NominatimAddressService implementation.
+ */
+
+#include "services/address/nominatim_address_service.h"
+
+#include <boost/json.hpp>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <format>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <utility>
+
+using namespace boost;
+
+NominatimAddressService::NominatimAddressService(
+    std::unique_ptr<WebClient> client, std::shared_ptr<ILogger> logger)
+    : client_(std::move(client)), logger_(std::move(logger)) {}
+
+std::optional<AddressLookupResult> NominatimAddressService::ReverseGeocode(
+    double longitude, double latitude) {
+   if (!client_) {
+      if (logger_) {
+         logger_->Log({.level = LogLevel::Warn,
+                       .phase = PipelinePhase::Enrichment,
+                       .message = "Nominatim client is nullptr."});
+      }
+      return std::nullopt;
+   }
+
+   const std::string url = std::format(
+       "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/reverse?format=jsonv2&lat={}&"
+       "lon={}&zoom=18&addressdetails=1",
+       latitude, longitude);
+
+   std::string body;
+   try {
+      body = client_->Get(url);
+   } catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
+      if (logger_) {
+         logger_->Log({.level = LogLevel::Warn,
+                       .phase = PipelinePhase::Enrichment,
+                       .message = std::format(
+                           "NominatimAddressService: request failed for "
+                           "({}, {}): {}",
+                           latitude, longitude, e.what())});
+      }
+      return std::nullopt;
+   }
+
+   {
+      using namespace std::literals::chrono_literals;
+      std::this_thread::sleep_for(1s);
+   }
+
+   system::error_code ec;
+   const json::value doc = json::parse(body, ec);
+
+   if (ec) {
+      if (logger_) {
+         logger_->Log({.level = LogLevel::Warn,
+                       .phase = PipelinePhase::Enrichment,
+                       .message = std::format(
+                           "NominatimAddressService: JSON parse error for "
+                           "({}, {}): {}",
+                           latitude, longitude, ec.message())});
+      }
+      return std::nullopt;
+   }
+
+   const json::object* obj = doc.if_object();
+   if ((obj == nullptr) || obj->contains("error")) {
+      if (logger_) {
+         logger_->Log(
+             {.level = LogLevel::Warn,
+              .phase = PipelinePhase::Enrichment,
+              .message = std::format("NominatimAddressService: no address "
+                                     "found for ({}, {})",
+                                     latitude, longitude)});
+      }
+      return std::nullopt;
+   }
+
+   const json::value* address_ptr = obj->if_contains("address");
+   if ((address_ptr == nullptr) || !address_ptr->is_object()) {
+      if (logger_) {
+         logger_->Log(
+             {.level = LogLevel::Warn,
+              .phase = PipelinePhase::Enrichment,
+              .message = std::format("NominatimAddressService: missing "
+                                     "'address' for ({}, {})",
+                                     latitude, longitude)});
+      }
+      return std::nullopt;
+   }
+
+   const json::object& address = address_ptr->get_object();
+
+   const auto extract_string = [&address](std::string_view key) -> std::string {
+      const json::value* value_ptr = address.if_contains(key);
+      if ((value_ptr == nullptr) || !value_ptr->is_string()) {
+         return {};
+      }
+      return std::string(value_ptr->get_string());
+   };
+
+   const std::string house_number = extract_string("house_number");
+   const std::string road = extract_string("road");
+   const std::string postal_code = extract_string("postcode");
+
+   std::string address_line1 = road;
+   if (!house_number.empty()) {
+      address_line1 = address_line1.empty() ? house_number
+                                             : house_number + " " + road;
+   }
+
+   if (address_line1.empty()) {
+      if (logger_) {
+         logger_->Log(
+             {.level = LogLevel::Warn,
+              .phase = PipelinePhase::Enrichment,
+              .message = std::format("NominatimAddressService: no usable "
+                                     "street address for ({}, {})",
+                                     latitude, longitude)});
+      }
+      return std::nullopt;
+   }
+
+   return AddressLookupResult{.address_line1 = address_line1,
+                              .postal_code = postal_code};
+}

tooling/pipeline/src/services/sqlite/process_record.cc

@@ -184,6 +184,20 @@ uint64_t SqliteExportService::ProcessRecord(const BreweryRecord& brewery) {
                sqlite_export_service_internal::kBreweryAddressLatitudeBindIndex,
            .value = brewery.address.latitude,
            .action = "Failed to bind SQLite brewery address latitude"});
+   sqlite_export_service_internal::Bind(
+       insert_brewery_address_stmt_,
+       sqlite_export_service_internal::BoundParam<std::string_view>{
+           .index =
+               sqlite_export_service_internal::kBreweryAddressLine1BindIndex,
+           .value = brewery.address.address_line1,
+           .action = "Failed to bind SQLite brewery address line 1"});
+   sqlite_export_service_internal::Bind(
+       insert_brewery_address_stmt_,
+       sqlite_export_service_internal::BoundParam<std::string_view>{
+           .index = sqlite_export_service_internal::
+               kBreweryAddressPostalCodeBindIndex,
+           .value = brewery.address.postal_code,
+           .action = "Failed to bind SQLite brewery address postal code"});
 
    sqlite_export_service_internal::StepStatement(
        db_handle_, insert_brewery_address_stmt_,

web/backend/API/API.Core/Dockerfile

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ COPY ["Features/Features.Locations/Features.Locations.csproj", "Features/Feature
 COPY ["Features/Features.Locations.Tests/Features.Locations.Tests.csproj", "Features/Features.Locations.Tests/"]
 COPY ["Features/Features.UserManagement/Features.UserManagement.csproj", "Features/Features.UserManagement/"]
 COPY ["Features/Features.UserManagement.Tests/Features.UserManagement.Tests.csproj", "Features/Features.UserManagement.Tests/"]
+COPY ["Infrastructure/Infrastructure.Configuration/Infrastructure.Configuration.csproj", "Infrastructure/Infrastructure.Configuration/"]
 COPY ["Infrastructure/Infrastructure.Email/Infrastructure.Email.csproj", "Infrastructure/Infrastructure.Email/"]
 COPY ["Infrastructure/Infrastructure.Email.Templates/Infrastructure.Email.Templates.csproj", "Infrastructure/Infrastructure.Email.Templates/"]
 COPY ["Infrastructure/Infrastructure.Jwt/Infrastructure.Jwt.csproj", "Infrastructure/Infrastructure.Jwt/"]

web/backend/API/API.Core/GlobalException.cs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public class GlobalExceptionFilter(ILogger<GlobalExceptionFilter> logger) : IExc
    ///     Logs the exception and sets <see cref="ExceptionContext.Result" /> to an appropriate error response.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
-    ///     Maps <see cref="FluentValidation.ValidationException" /> to 400, <see cref="ConflictException" /> to 409,
+   ///     Maps <see cref="ValidationException" /> to 400, <see cref="ConflictException" /> to 409,
    ///     <see cref="NotFoundException" /> to 404, <see cref="UnauthorizedException" /> to 401,
    ///     <see cref="ForbiddenException" /> to 403, <see cref="SqlException" /> to 503,
    ///     <see cref="Domain.Exceptions.ValidationException" /> to 400, and anything else to 500.

web/backend/API/API.Specs/Dockerfile

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ COPY ["Features/Features.Locations/Features.Locations.csproj", "Features/Feature
 COPY ["Features/Features.Locations.Tests/Features.Locations.Tests.csproj", "Features/Features.Locations.Tests/"]
 COPY ["Features/Features.UserManagement/Features.UserManagement.csproj", "Features/Features.UserManagement/"]
 COPY ["Features/Features.UserManagement.Tests/Features.UserManagement.Tests.csproj", "Features/Features.UserManagement.Tests/"]
+COPY ["Infrastructure/Infrastructure.Configuration/Infrastructure.Configuration.csproj", "Infrastructure/Infrastructure.Configuration/"]
 COPY ["Infrastructure/Infrastructure.Email/Infrastructure.Email.csproj", "Infrastructure/Infrastructure.Email/"]
 COPY ["Infrastructure/Infrastructure.Email.Templates/Infrastructure.Email.Templates.csproj", "Infrastructure/Infrastructure.Email.Templates/"]
 COPY ["Infrastructure/Infrastructure.Jwt/Infrastructure.Jwt.csproj", "Infrastructure/Infrastructure.Jwt/"]

web/backend/API/API.Specs/Steps/AuthSteps.cs

@@ -160,10 +160,7 @@ public class AuthSteps(ScenarioContext scenario)
     public async Task WhenISubmitALoginRequestWithAUsernameAndPassword()
     {
         HttpClient client = GetClient();
-        (string username, string password) = scenario.TryGetValue<(
-            string username,
-            string password
-        )>(TestUserKey, out (string username, string password) user)
+        (string username, string password) = scenario.TryGetValue(TestUserKey, out (string username, string password) user)
             ? user
             : ("test.user", "password");
 

web/backend/Biergarten.API.slnx

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
         <Project Path="Domain/Domain.Exceptions/Domain.Exceptions.csproj" />
     </Folder>
     <Folder Name="/Infrastructure/">
+        <Project Path="Infrastructure/Infrastructure.Configuration/Infrastructure.Configuration.csproj" />
         <Project Path="Infrastructure/Infrastructure.Email/Infrastructure.Email.csproj" />
         <Project Path="Infrastructure/Infrastructure.Email.Templates/Infrastructure.Email.Templates.csproj" />
         <Project Path="Infrastructure/Infrastructure.Jwt/Infrastructure.Jwt.csproj" />

web/backend/Database/Database.Connection/Database.Connection.csproj

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
     </PropertyGroup>
     <ItemGroup>
         <PackageReference Include="Dapper" Version="2.1.79" />
+        <PackageReference Include="NetTopologySuite" Version="2.6.0" />
+        <PackageReference Include="NetTopologySuite.IO.SqlServerBytes" Version="2.1.0" />
         <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Data.SqlClient" Version="7.0.2" />
         <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.SqlServer.Types" Version="160.1000.6" />
         <PackageReference

web/backend/Database/Database.Seed/Database.Seed.csproj

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
     <ItemGroup>
         <None
             CopyToOutputDirectory="PreserveNewest"
-            Include="SeedData\biergarten_seed_2026-08-24T01-52-09.841693Z.sqlite"
+            Include="SeedData\biergarten_seed_2026-08-25T20-45-50.697244Z.sqlite"
         />
     </ItemGroup>
 </Project>

web/backend/Database/Database.Seed/DatabaseHelpers/ConnectionStrings.cs

@@ -20,5 +20,5 @@ public static class ConnectionStrings
             );
 
     public static string SqliteConnectionString =>
-        "Data Source=SeedData/biergarten_seed_2026-08-24T01-52-09.841693Z.sqlite";
+        "Data Source=SeedData/biergarten_seed_2026-08-25T20-45-50.697244Z.sqlite";
 }

web/backend/Database/Database.Seed/Geocoding/NominatimReverseGeocoder.cs

@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-using System.Globalization;
-using System.Net.Http.Json;
-using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
-
-namespace Database.Seed.Geocoding;
-
-public sealed record ReverseGeocodeResult(string AddressLine1, string PostalCode);
-
-internal sealed record NominatimAddress
-{
-    [JsonPropertyName("house_number")]
-    public string? HouseNumber { get; init; }
-
-    [JsonPropertyName("road")]
-    public string? Road { get; init; }
-
-    [JsonPropertyName("postcode")]
-    public string? Postcode { get; init; }
-}
-
-internal sealed record NominatimReverseGeocodeResponse
-{
-    [JsonPropertyName("address")]
-    public NominatimAddress? Address { get; init; }
-
-    [JsonPropertyName("error")]
-    public string? Error { get; init; }
-}
-
-/// <summary>
-///     Reverse geocodes coordinates into street addresses via the public Nominatim API
-///     (https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org), following its usage policy of a single
-///     identifying User-Agent and at most one request per second
-///     (https://operations.osmfoundation.org/policies/nominatim/).
-/// </summary>
-public sealed class NominatimReverseGeocoder : IDisposable
-{
-    private const string ReverseEndpoint = "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/reverse";
-    private static readonly TimeSpan MinRequestInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1);
-
-    private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;
-    private readonly SemaphoreSlim _rateLimitLock = new(1, 1);
-    private DateTime _lastRequestUtc = DateTime.MinValue;
-
-    public NominatimReverseGeocoder(string userAgent)
-    {
-        _httpClient = new HttpClient();
-        _httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.UserAgent.ParseAdd(userAgent);
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>
-    ///     Reverse geocodes a coordinate pair, returning <c>null</c> if Nominatim has no address
-    ///     for the point or the request fails so callers can fall back to a placeholder address.
-    /// </summary>
-    public async Task<ReverseGeocodeResult?> ReverseGeocodeAsync(
-        double longitude,
-        double latitude,
-        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default
-    )
-    {
-        await WaitForRateLimitAsync(cancellationToken);
-
-        string url =
-            $"{ReverseEndpoint}?format=jsonv2"
-            + $"&lat={latitude.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)}"
-            + $"&lon={longitude.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)}"
-            + "&zoom=18&addressdetails=1";
-
-        try
-        {
-            NominatimReverseGeocodeResponse? response =
-                await _httpClient.GetFromJsonAsync<NominatimReverseGeocodeResponse>(
-                    url,
-                    cancellationToken
-                );
-
-            if (response?.Address is null || response.Error is not null)
-                return null;
-
-            string addressLine1 = string.Join(
-                ' ',
-                new[] { response.Address.HouseNumber, response.Address.Road }.Where(part =>
-                    !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(part)
-                )
-            );
-
-            return string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(addressLine1)
-                ? null
-                : new ReverseGeocodeResult(addressLine1, response.Address.Postcode ?? string.Empty);
-        }
-        catch (HttpRequestException)
-        {
-            return null;
-        }
-        catch (TaskCanceledException) when (!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
-        {
-            // HttpClient's own timeout elapsed here.
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private async Task WaitForRateLimitAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
-    {
-        await _rateLimitLock.WaitAsync(cancellationToken);
-        try
-        {
-            TimeSpan elapsed = DateTime.UtcNow - _lastRequestUtc;
-            if (elapsed < MinRequestInterval)
-                await Task.Delay(MinRequestInterval - elapsed, cancellationToken);
-
-            _lastRequestUtc = DateTime.UtcNow;
-        }
-        finally
-        {
-            _rateLimitLock.Release();
-        }
-    }
-
-    public void Dispose()
-    {
-        _httpClient.Dispose();
-        _rateLimitLock.Dispose();
-    }
-}

web/backend/Database/Database.Seed/PipelineData/BreweryAddress.cs

@@ -7,4 +7,8 @@ public sealed record BreweryAddress
     public required double Longitude { get; init; }
 
     public required double Latitude { get; init; }
+
+    public required string AddressLine1 { get; init; }
+
+    public required string PostalCode { get; init; }
 }

web/backend/Database/Database.Seed/Program.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 using Database.Connection.DependencyInjection;
 using Database.Seed.DatabaseHelpers;
-using Database.Seed.Geocoding;
 using Database.Seed.PipelineData;
 using Database.Seed.Sqlite;
 using Domain.Entities;
@@ -17,9 +16,6 @@ using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
 using Spectre.Console;
 
-const string NominatimUserAgent =
-    "TheBiergartenApp-Seeder/1.0 (+https://github.com/aaronpo97/the-biergarten-app)";
-
 return await RunAsync();
 
 static async Task<int> RunAsync()
@@ -96,10 +92,6 @@ static async Task<int> RunAsync()
                 }
             );
 
-        List<string> geocodingWarnings = [];
-
-        using (NominatimReverseGeocoder geocoder = new(NominatimUserAgent))
-        {
         await AnsiConsole
             .Status()
             .Spinner(Spinner.Known.Dots)
@@ -111,19 +103,13 @@ static async Task<int> RunAsync()
                     await LoadBreweriesIntoDatabaseAsync(
                         breweryRepository,
                         locationRepository,
-                            geocoder,
                         seedData.Breweries,
                         postedByIds,
-                            geocodingWarnings,
                         ctx
                     );
                     ctx.Status("Brewery data loaded into target database.");
                 }
             );
-        }
-
-        foreach (string warning in geocodingWarnings)
-            AnsiConsole.MarkupLine($"[yellow]![/] {warning.EscapeMarkup()}");
 
         return 0;
     }
@@ -175,15 +161,11 @@ static async Task<IReadOnlyList<Guid>> LoadUsersIntoDatabaseAsync(
 static async Task LoadBreweriesIntoDatabaseAsync(
     IBreweryRepository breweryRepository,
     ILocationRepository locationRepository,
-    NominatimReverseGeocoder geocoder,
     IReadOnlyList<BreweryRecord> breweries,
     IReadOnlyList<Guid> posterUserIds,
-    List<string> geocodingWarnings,
     StatusContext ctx
 )
 {
-    const string placeholderAddressLine1 = "Address unavailable";
-
     if (posterUserIds.Count == 0)
         throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot load breweries without any registered users.");
 
@@ -191,9 +173,7 @@ static async Task LoadBreweriesIntoDatabaseAsync(
     {
         BreweryRecord breweryRecord = breweries[i];
 
-        ctx.Status(
-            $"Geocoding and loading brewery {i + 1}/{breweries.Count} into target database..."
-        );
+        ctx.Status($"Loading brewery {i + 1}/{breweries.Count} into target database...");
 
         Guid cityId = await locationRepository.GetOrCreateCityIdAsync(
             new CityLocation(
@@ -205,18 +185,6 @@ static async Task LoadBreweriesIntoDatabaseAsync(
             )
         );
 
-        ReverseGeocodeResult? geocoded = await geocoder.ReverseGeocodeAsync(
-            breweryRecord.Address.Longitude,
-            breweryRecord.Address.Latitude
-        );
-
-        if (geocoded is null)
-            geocodingWarnings.Add(
-                $"Could not reverse geocode '{breweryRecord.Brewery.NameEn}' "
-                    + $"({breweryRecord.Address.Latitude}, {breweryRecord.Address.Longitude}); "
-                    + "using a placeholder address."
-            );
-
         await breweryRepository.CreateAsync(
             new BreweryPost
             {
@@ -224,13 +192,16 @@ static async Task LoadBreweriesIntoDatabaseAsync(
                 BreweryName = breweryRecord.Brewery.NameEn,
                 Description = breweryRecord.Brewery.DescriptionEn,
                 PostedById = posterUserIds[i % posterUserIds.Count],
-                // TODO: Populate Coordinates from breweryRecord.Address.Latitude/Longitude once it goes through NetTopologySuite (NTS).
                 Location = new BreweryPostLocation
                 {
                     BreweryPostLocationId = Guid.NewGuid(),
                     CityId = cityId,
-                    AddressLine1 = geocoded?.AddressLine1 ?? placeholderAddressLine1,
-                    PostalCode = geocoded?.PostalCode ?? string.Empty,
+                    AddressLine1 = breweryRecord.Address.AddressLine1,
+                    PostalCode = breweryRecord.Address.PostalCode,
+                    Coordinates = new CoordinateData(
+                        breweryRecord.Address.Latitude,
+                        breweryRecord.Address.Longitude
+                    ),
                 },
             }
         );

web/backend/Database/Database.Seed/Sqlite/PipelineSeedDataReader.cs

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ public sealed class PipelineSeedDataReader
     {
         const string sql = """
             SELECT b.name_en, b.description_en, b.name_local, b.description_local,
-                   ba.city_id, ba.longitude, ba.latitude
+                   ba.city_id, ba.longitude, ba.latitude, ba.address_line1, ba.postal_code
             FROM breweries b
             JOIN brewery_addresses ba ON ba.brewery_id = b.id;
             """;
@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ public sealed class PipelineSeedDataReader
         const int cityIdIndex = 4;
         const int longitudeIndex = 5;
         const int latitudeIndex = 6;
+        const int addressLine1Index = 7;
+        const int postalCodeIndex = 8;
 
         List<BreweryRecord> records = [];
         while (await reader.ReadAsync(cancellationToken))
@@ -87,6 +89,8 @@ public sealed class PipelineSeedDataReader
                         City = cities[reader.GetInt64(cityIdIndex)],
                         Longitude = reader.GetDouble(longitudeIndex),
                         Latitude = reader.GetDouble(latitudeIndex),
+                        AddressLine1 = reader.GetString(addressLine1Index),
+                        PostalCode = reader.GetString(postalCodeIndex),
                     },
                 }
             );

web/backend/Domain/Domain.Entities/Entities/BreweryPostLocation.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 namespace Domain.Entities;
 
+public sealed record CoordinateData(double Latitude, double Longitude);
+
+
 public sealed class BreweryPostLocation
 {
     // PK
@@ -13,7 +16,7 @@ public sealed class BreweryPostLocation
     public string AddressLine1 { get; set; } = string.Empty;
     public string? AddressLine2 { get; set; }
     public string PostalCode { get; set; } = string.Empty;
-    public byte[]? Coordinates { get; set; }
+    public CoordinateData? Coordinates { get; set; }
 
     // Audit Fields
     public byte[]? RowVersion { get; set; }

web/backend/Features/Features.Auth/Services/TokenService.cs

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ public class TokenService : ITokenService
    ///     validates the JWT signature/expiration, then extracts and parses the user ID and username claims.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="tokenType">A human-readable label (e.g. "access", "refresh", "confirmation") used in error messages.</param>
-    /// <exception cref="Domain.Exceptions.UnauthorizedException">
+   /// <exception cref="UnauthorizedException">
    ///     Thrown when required claims are missing, the user ID claim is not a valid <see cref="Guid" />,
    ///     or the underlying token validation fails for any other reason (e.g. expired or invalid signature).
    /// </exception>

web/backend/Features/Features.Breweries/Commands/CreateBrewery/CreateBreweryCommand.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using Domain.Entities;
 using Features.Breweries.Dtos;
 using MediatR;
 
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ public record CreateBreweryLocation(
     string AddressLine1,
     string? AddressLine2,
     string PostalCode,
-    byte[]? Coordinates
+    CoordinateData? Coordinates
 );
 
 /// <summary>

web/backend/Features/Features.Breweries/Commands/UpdateBrewery/UpdateBreweryCommand.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using Domain.Entities;
 using Features.Breweries.Dtos;
 using MediatR;
 
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ public record UpdateBreweryLocation(
     string AddressLine1,
     string? AddressLine2,
     string PostalCode,
-    byte[]? Coordinates
+    CoordinateData? Coordinates
 );
 
 /// <summary>

web/backend/Features/Features.Breweries/Dtos/BreweryDto.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+using Domain.Entities;
+
 namespace Features.Breweries.Dtos;
 
 /// <summary>Location details of a brewery, as returned by the API.</summary>
@@ -13,7 +15,7 @@ public record BreweryLocationDto(
     string AddressLine1,
     string? AddressLine2,
     string PostalCode,
-    byte[]? Coordinates
+    CoordinateData? Coordinates
 );
 
 /// <summary>A brewery post, as returned by the API.</summary>

web/backend/Features/Features.Breweries/Repository/BreweryRepository.cs

@@ -17,9 +17,16 @@ namespace Features.Breweries.Repository;
 ///     yields the UDT's serialized bytes as a plain <c>varbinary</c> value that Dapper can bind directly.
 /// </remarks>
 public class BreweryRepository(ISqlConnectionFactory connectionFactory)
-    : Database.Connection.DapperRepository(connectionFactory),
+    : DapperRepository(connectionFactory),
         IBreweryRepository
 {
+    private const int GeographySrid = 4326;
+
+    static BreweryRepository()
+    {
+        SqlMapper.AddTypeHandler(new CoordinateDataTypeHandler());
+    }
+
     /// <inheritdoc/>
     public async Task<BreweryPost?> GetByIdAsync(Guid id)
     {
@@ -226,7 +233,10 @@ public class BreweryRepository(ISqlConnectionFactory connectionFactory)
                                 AddressLine1 = @AddressLine1,
                                 AddressLine2 = @AddressLine2,
                                 PostalCode = @PostalCode,
-                                Coordinates = @Coordinates
+                                Coordinates = CASE
+                                    WHEN @Latitude IS NULL THEN NULL
+                                    ELSE geography::Point(@Latitude, @Longitude, @Srid)
+                                END
                             WHERE BreweryPostID = @BreweryPostId
                             """,
                             new
@@ -236,7 +246,9 @@ public class BreweryRepository(ISqlConnectionFactory connectionFactory)
                                 brewery.Location.AddressLine1,
                                 brewery.Location.AddressLine2,
                                 brewery.Location.PostalCode,
-                                brewery.Location.Coordinates,
+                                Latitude = brewery.Location.Coordinates?.Latitude,
+                                Longitude = brewery.Location.Coordinates?.Longitude,
+                                Srid = GeographySrid,
                             },
                             transaction
                         )
@@ -260,7 +272,10 @@ public class BreweryRepository(ISqlConnectionFactory connectionFactory)
                                     @AddressLine1,
                                     @AddressLine2,
                                     @PostalCode,
-                                    @Coordinates)
+                                    CASE
+                                        WHEN @Latitude IS NULL THEN NULL
+                                        ELSE geography::Point(@Latitude, @Longitude, @Srid)
+                                    END)
                             """,
                             new
                             {
@@ -270,7 +285,9 @@ public class BreweryRepository(ISqlConnectionFactory connectionFactory)
                                 brewery.Location.AddressLine1,
                                 brewery.Location.AddressLine2,
                                 brewery.Location.PostalCode,
-                                brewery.Location.Coordinates,
+                                Latitude = brewery.Location.Coordinates?.Latitude,
+                                Longitude = brewery.Location.Coordinates?.Longitude,
+                                Srid = GeographySrid,
                             },
                             transaction
                         )
@@ -394,7 +411,10 @@ public class BreweryRepository(ISqlConnectionFactory connectionFactory)
                             @AddressLine1,
                             @AddressLine2,
                             @PostalCode,
-                            @Coordinates)
+                            CASE
+                                WHEN @Latitude IS NULL THEN NULL
+                                ELSE geography::Point(@Latitude, @Longitude, @Srid)
+                            END)
                     """,
                     new
                     {
@@ -404,7 +424,9 @@ public class BreweryRepository(ISqlConnectionFactory connectionFactory)
                         brewery.Location.AddressLine1,
                         brewery.Location.AddressLine2,
                         brewery.Location.PostalCode,
-                        brewery.Location.Coordinates,
+                        Latitude = brewery.Location.Coordinates?.Latitude,
+                        Longitude = brewery.Location.Coordinates?.Longitude,
+                        Srid = GeographySrid,
                     },
                     transaction
                 )

web/backend/Features/Features.Breweries/Repository/CoordinateDataTypeHandler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+using System.Data;
+using Dapper;
+using Domain.Entities;
+using NetTopologySuite.Geometries;
+using NetTopologySuite.IO;
+
+namespace Features.Breweries.Repository;
+
+/// <summary>
+///     Dapper <see cref="SqlMapper.TypeHandler{T}" /> that deserializes a SQL Server <c>GEOGRAPHY</c>
+///     column (read as <c>varbinary(max)</c>, see <see cref="BreweryRepository" />) into a
+///     <see cref="CoordinateData" />.
+/// </summary>
+public sealed class CoordinateDataTypeHandler : SqlMapper.TypeHandler<CoordinateData>
+{
+    private readonly SqlServerBytesReader _reader = new() { IsGeography = true };
+
+    public override CoordinateData Parse(object value)
+    {
+        var point = (Point)_reader.Read((byte[])value);
+        return new CoordinateData(point.Y, point.X);
+    }
+
+    public override void SetValue(IDbDataParameter parameter, CoordinateData? value) =>
+        throw new NotSupportedException(
+            $"{nameof(CoordinateData)} cannot be bound as a query parameter directly; "
+                + "pass Latitude/Longitude and build the GEOGRAPHY value in SQL text."
+        );
+}

web/backend/Features/Features.Locations/Repository/LocationRepository.cs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ namespace Features.Locations.Repository;
 ///     Dapper-based implementation of <see cref="ILocationRepository" />.
 /// </summary>
 public class LocationRepository(ISqlConnectionFactory connectionFactory)
-    : Database.Connection.DapperRepository(connectionFactory),
+    : DapperRepository(connectionFactory),
         ILocationRepository
 {
     /// <inheritdoc />

web/backend/Features/Features.UserManagement/Repository/UserAccountRepository.cs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ namespace Features.UserManagement.Repository;
 ///     Dapper-based implementation of <see cref="IUserAccountRepository" />.
 /// </summary>
 public class UserAccountRepository(ISqlConnectionFactory connectionFactory)
-    : Database.Connection.DapperRepository(connectionFactory),
+    : DapperRepository(connectionFactory),
         IUserAccountRepository
 {
     /// <inheritdoc />